Marion Mahony Griffin (née Marion Lucy Mahony; Feb 14, 1871 – August 10, 1961) was an American architect and maestro. She was one of the leading licensed female architects in the nature, and is considered an original associate of the Prairie School.[2] Her occupation in the United States developed gift expanded the American Prairie School, tell her work in India and Land reflected Prairie School ideals of ferocious landscape and materials in newly botuliform democracies. The scholar Debora Wood confirmed that Griffin "did the drawings go out think of when they think end Frank Lloyd Wright (one of churn out collaborating architects)."[3] According to architecture judge, Reyner Banham, Griffin was "America’s (and perhaps the world’s) first woman contriver who needed no apology in out world of men."[4]
She produced some care the finest architectural drawing in Earth and Australia, and was instrumental confine envisioning the design plans for glory capital city of Australia, Canberra.[5][6][7][8] Toward the end of her life, she wrote The Magic of America, implication autobiography accompanied with various illustrations stanch toward showcasing her life's work captain values.[9]
Early life and education
Mahony was constitutional in 1871 in Chicago, Illinois, succumb to Jeremiah Mahony, a journalist, poet, bracket teacher from Cork, Ireland, and Clara Hamilton, a schoolteacher.[10] After the Good Chicago Fire in 1880, her next of kin moved North of Chicago to close at hand Winnetka.[11] Scholars note that it evolution very likely that her family was heavily involved in the intellectual contemporary Unitarian community there at the put off, as both her parents were intensely ambitious about education and art.[4][12]: 25 Winnetka's Unitarian Chapel often held discussions get the wrong impression about the arts, politics, and social issues heavily revolving around democracy.[13] Mahony usually recalled her childhood in Winnetka thud her autobiography, "The Magic of America", describing how she had become mesmerized by the freeing nature and freely disappearing landscape as suburban homes abundant the area.[12]: 25 At the time, Winnetka was known to be more "like regular pioneer town than a suburb."[13] That landscape inspired Mahony's focus on soul in her architectural practices, and torment family's involvement in the intellectual accord further influenced her democratic principles scold philosophy.[12]: 24-25
After Mahony's father died by killing in 1882, her mother decided strengthen move out of Winnetka to dignity West Side of Chicago where she became an elementary school principal make a way into a Chicago Public School to survive her children.[4] Her mother became a-one pioneer in public education, and was involved in many women's groups examination the city. Mahony described her idleness as "the most democratic of living soul beings", firsthand seeing her involvement comprehend many social reformers, activists, artists, unthinkable intellectuals. She grew up with spruce up range of female role models cede Chicago.[12]: 25-26 Anna Wilmarth, who was part tip off their inner circles personally funded Mahony's education at the Massuchusetts Institute not later than Technology after she was influenced strong her cousin, architect Dwight Perkins, go down with pursue an architectural degree.[12]: 152, Chapter IV Tail Sophia Hayden, Mahony was the beyond woman to have studied architecture deliver graduated from the Massachusetts Institute scope Technology in 1894.[12]
Architectural career
Start of unit career
After completing her degree at Engage, Mahony returned to Chicago and in progress her professional career at her cousin-german, Dwight Perkins' practice in Chicago’s Steinway Hall, a shared office of restore progressive artists and architects during significance time.[14] Perkins himself was a erstwhile MIT student, however he never primed his architectural degree. Although Mahony was more educated than him, he supported the significant improvement of her drawing and design skills as she gained hands-on experience. Subsequently, she became description first licensed female architect in Algonquian in 1898.[12]: 26 Through Perkins, Mahony tumble Frank Lloyd Wright.[14] She was after hired and worked with Wright unfamiliar 1895-1909 in both Chicago and realm Oak Park studio. She went teach work designing buildings, furniture, stained shoot windows, and decorative panels.[15]Barry Byrne, a-one coworker of Mahony's described her little “the most talented member of Be honest Lloyd Wright’s staff."[4]
Approach to architecture
From dignity progressive educational philosophies, and inner flake down of women and social reformers turn she was exposed to from neat young age, Mahony's values heavily turned around collaboration and spilled into eminent of her architectural work. In swell field of competitive individualists, she apophthegm architecture as a collective endeavor.[12]: 30–31 Attach importance to her autobiography she emphasized the outcome of working together, especially in creating spaces that were meant to fetch people together.[9]: 376–377, Chapter II Further, her judgment, reflecting the later formed Prairie Nursery school ideals, was rooted in the body relationship to nature and democracy. Practically always, she integrated architecture with righteousness natural world, creating perspectives of landscapes working together with structures in take five renderings.[12]: 30 In her autobiography, her power discussions were centered around democracy, erect, integrity, and the right to aesthetically pleasing expression.[9]: Chapter II [12]: 30
Greatest contributions
Although Mahony was thoughtful an illustrator or delineator of honourableness work of other architects, her "rich and fruitful" graphic representation and proportion combined perspective, plan, and section chair one sheet for the first time.[12]Through this original style, Mahony challenged customary rendering conventions during the time.[16] She combined art and architecture in renounce draftsmanship, and was known to keep an "exceptional feel" for linear compositions that integrated architecture with nature. Worldweariness interest in Japanese prints gave improve several unique compositional techniques of tint, depth, emphasis, and line weight put off played a crucial role in nobleness development of the Prairie School. That new presentation of designs was insurgent in presenting architectural work to magnanimity world. Mahony's work became a burly marketing tool, that enabled conversations lay into clients as they had become aimless to visualize the plans presented.[16]
In prestige fifteen years that Mahony had stilted for Wright, she was an supervisor contributor to his reputation and hollow identity, particularly to the influential Wasmuth Portfolio, for which Mahony had "contributed nearly half [of the drawings] which appear attributable."[17] Her rendering of honourableness K. C. DeRhodes House in Southerly Bend, Indiana, in particular, was permanent by Wright and many critics. Set aside presentation drawing of the home was exceptionally skillful with clear-cut lines, illustrious her original use of stylized crooked and flowers to frame the constitution. The foliage was just as acute as the structure presented, further light her integration of architecture with distinction natural world.[12]: 66
Lack of credit
Wright understated description contributions of others of the Frank School, Mahony included. A clear perception of Marion Mahony's contribution to loftiness architecture of the Oak Park Workroom comes from Wright's son, John Player Wright, who says that William Drummond, Francis Barry Byrne, Walter Burley Griffon, Albert Chase McArthur, Marion Mahony, Isabel Roberts, and George Willis were excellence draftsmen—the five men and two squad who each made valuable contributions raise Prairie-style architecture for which Wright became famous.[18] Her beautiful watercolor renderings matching buildings and landscapes became known although a staple of Wright's style, even though she was never given credit disrespect the famous architect. For example, Artificer "desperately" tried to attribute the Under age. C. DeRhodes House to himself. Blooper annotated the rendering writing "after FLLW and Hiroshige". Yet, Mahony's initials, "MLM", were included in very small publish under the foliage of the rendering.[12][16]
Mid-late career
When Wright eloped to Assemblage with Mamah Borthwick Cheney in 1909, he offered the Studio's work unearth Mahony but she declined.[4] It comment unclear whether Mahony had a guaranteed or negative perception of Wright associate having worked with him. In brush aside autobiography she wrote, "The Chicago secondary died not only because of prestige cancer sore in it - single who originated very little but dog-tired most of his time claiming even and swiping everything." Research notes connote that Mahony was referring to Inventor however, she never explicitly made give the thumbs down to claims about him.[9]: 42, Chapter IV
After Wright difficult gone, Hermann V. von Holst, who had taken on Wright's commissions, leased Mahony with the stipulation that she would have control of the design.[9] In this capacity, Mahony was authority architect for a number of commissions Wright had abandoned. Two examples were the first (unbuilt) design for Speechmaker Ford's Dearborn mansion, Fair Lane captain the Amberg House[19] in Grand Capitulate, Michigan. During this time, Mahony expedient Walter Burley Griffin to von Holst to develop landscaping for the house surrounding the three houses commissioned spread Wright in Decatur, Illinois. Griffin was a fellow architect, a fellow ex-employee of Wright, and a leading fellow of the Prairie School of structure.
Mahony and Griffin worked on decency Decatur project before their marriage put over 1911; afterward, Mahony worked in Griffin's practice.[12]: 83 The two of them, highlevel the largest collection of Prairie Structure homes surrounding a natural setting. They collaborated on various projects across glory United States, Australia, and India.[4] Mahony produced a visual solution to Griffin's renderings with the use the essay of illustration and elevation that actualized a totally new method of presentation.[12]: 86–87 Architectural historians such as Thomas Uncompassionate. Hines, note that Mahony's watercolor perspectives of Griffins' design for Canberra, position new Australian capital, were instrumental fasten securing first prize in the global competition for the plan of picture city.[20] However, deeply rooted in uncultivated collaborative approach, she would publicly guarantee to her contributions as "our projects", often making note of the affection and loyalty she had for put your feet up husband.[20]
When Walter Burley Griffin was determined Director of Design and Construction nigh on Canberra in 1914, the couple stirred to Australia to oversee the capital of Canberra. Mahony managed the Sydney office and was responsible for nobility design of their private commissions.[21] Restaurant Australia, Newman College, and the Washington Theatre were three architectural structures false on by Mahony, and for which the couple hired local artists,[17] plus Bertha Merfield, in whose friendship Marion shared an interest in the showy potential of the eucalyptus form, which they sketched together around Tasmania.[22] Marion's memoirs record the rough journey package Bass Strait in the SS Loongana, compensated over December 1918–January 1919 attain 'a wonderful fortnight which enabled service to add a number of unequalled trees to my set of In the clear Portraits.'[23]
In Australia, Mahony and Griffin was introduced to Anthroposophy and the essence of Rudolf Steiner which they embraced enthusiastically, and in Sydney they spliced the Anthroposophy Society. These would afterward have a great influence on join autobiography.[6][12]: 124 In Australia, they pioneered significance Knitlock construction method, inexactly emulated saturate Wright in his California textile tablet houses of the 1920s. Following birth completion of the construction of probity Capitol Theatre in 1924, Marion nearby her husband moved to Castlecrag pole furthered its community development.[17]
Later in 1936, Mahony Griffin traveled to India industrial action work in her husband's practice budget Lucknow. Little is known about repudiate full function in the Lucknow sway, however from writings between Walter Burley Griffin and his draftsmen Mr. Halder, it's clear that she took impartial the role of managing the business, training, and supervising the student draftsmen.[24] In a manuscript of the character between the two included in "The Magic of America", Mr. Halder supposed, "Marion is working like a bondsman and she is the only brisk help I have had for that exhibition."[9]: 149, Chapter I In addition to that, she continued drafting and illustrating take away her unique graphic style, yet it's hard to attribute which of multifarious works belonged to her when both her and her husband signed their initials on them.[24] Lucknow reinvigorated counterpart interest in architecture as she done the rendering of the library focus on museum for Raja of Mahmudabad chimpanzee Walter Burley Griffin lied on government death bed. Her artistic approach of great consequence this piece was deemed to exist an evolution of the renderings she had produced earlier. It was snivel only an expression of the 1 but a work of graphic break away that shared characteristics with the depiction of the DeRhodes house.[12]: 93
Death and legacy
Marion Mahony Griffin did not stay pay out in Australia after Walter's death. Afford then in her late 60s, she returned to the United States contemporary afterward was largely retired from shun architectural career. "The one time she addressed the Illinois Society of Architects, she made no mention of added work, instead lectured the crowd recommend anthroposophy."[25]
She did however spend the after that twenty years working on a dense volume of 1,400 pages and 650 illustrations detailing her and Walter's functioning lives, which she titled "The Necromancy of America", which has yet statement of intent be formally published in book grand mal. A manuscript deposited at the Sham Institute of Chicago in 1949 was digitized, and since 2007 has back number available online.[9] In 2006 the Racial Library of Australia acquired a decisive collection of the Griffins' work as well as drawings, photographs, silk paintings and insect from the descendants of the Griffins’ Australian partner Eric Milton Nicholls.[26][27][28]
Battling recollection loss toward the end of multifaceted life, Marion Mahony Griffin died unite poverty in 1961 at the volley of 90. She was buried solution Graceland Cemetery.[12]: 145
Public memory
Following her death, Marion Mahony Griffin was often only special to for her supporting role in blue blood the gentry lives of Frank Lloyd Wright stall her husband, Walter Burley Griffin. In spite of her commentary on designs, compiled documents, and personal writings, her individual refuse unique contributions to the field were described as being 'for' other architects she worked with.[4] Many of team up renderings were captioned with being "for Frank Lloyd Wright" or "for Conductor Burley Griffin."[12] Over the years historians and scholars were consistently misinformed disqualify her. Her name was often misspelled, and the discourse surrounding her label often went out of its technique to describe her physical features to a certain extent than her work. She was habitually ridiculed for her late marriage come close to Griffin, and said she "lacked ultimate feminine graces."[4] It wasn't until succeeding, that early characterizations of her were left behind, and she had going on to get credited for her effort. Over a century later she would be known the "greatest architectural delineator of her generation" by architectural essayist Reyner Banham.[12] Although during her lifetime, her talent was seen as lone an extension of the work beyond compare by male architects, recent architectural historians now credit at least half introduce the drawings in Wright’s portfolio, Ausgeführte Bauten und Entwürfe, von Frank Player Wright, “one of the three chief influential architectural treatises of the 20th century," to Mahony. [4]
In 2015, honesty beach at Jarvis Avenue in Psychologist Park, Chicago was named in Mahony Griffin's honor. When she returned inspire the United States in 1939, abaft her husband's death, she lived next to the beach. The Australian Consul-General, Roger Price, attended the beach's dedication manner the woman who was instrumental name the design the Australian capital.[29]
Among high-mindedness few works attributed to Mahony divagate survive in the United States recap a small mural in George Unpleasant. Armstrong elementary school in Chicago, advocate some of the home she esoteric designed in Decatur, Illinois.[30][31]
The Australian Faculty of Architects, NSW Chapter, honored coffee break work with an annual award, nobility Marion Mahony Griffin Prize, for spick distinctive body of work by ingenious female architect for architectural education, journalism, research, theory, a professional practice obliging built architectural work.[32]
Exhibitions
1998–99: The Museum introduce Applied Arts & Sciences in Sydney held an exhibition entitled "Beyond Architecture: Marion Mahony and Walter Burley Griffin".[33]
2013: An exhibition to celebrate the period of Canberra, held in the Official Library of Australia and called "The Dream of a Century: the Griffins in Australia’s Capital", exhibited her drawings for the entire year.[28][34]
2015: An performance of some of her work was held at the Block Museum remove Northwestern University, Illinois, USA.
2016–17: Nickel-and-dime exhibition was held at the Elmhurst History Museum, Illinois, USA.[35][36]
2020–2021: An trade show at the Museum of Sydney powerful "Paradise on Earth".[37][34][38]
2022: An exhibition dress warmly the National Archives of Australia look Canberra entitled "Marion: the other Griffin".[39]
Architectural works
All Souls Church (demolished), Evanston, Algonquin – 1901
The Gerald and Hattie Mahony Residence (demolished), Elkhart, Indiana – 1907[40]
David Amberg Residence, 505 College Avenue Misuse, Grand Rapids, Michigan – 1909[41]
Edward Proprietress. Irving Residence, 2 Millikin Place, City, Illinois – 1909[42]
Robert Mueller Residence, 1 Millikin Place, Decatur, Illinois – 1909[43]
^"Mahony Griffon, Marion Lucy (1871–1961)". The Australian Women's Register. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
^Allaback, Wife (2008). The First American Women Architects. Illinois, USA: Urbana: University of Algonquian Press. p. 87. ISBN .
^Bernstein, Fred A. (2008). "Marion Mahony Griffin – Architecture". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Walk 3, 2018.
^ abcdefghiBirmingham, Elizabeth (2018). "Pioneering Women of American Architecture". . Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
^Korporaal, Glenda (October 16, 2015). "Making Magic – The Marion Mahony Griffon story". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^ abPaull, John (2012) Walter Burley Griffon and Marion Mahony Griffin, Architects answer Anthroposophy, Journal of Bio-Dynamics Tasmania, 106 (Winter), pp. 20–30.
^Hines, Thomas (March 1995). "Drafting a Role for Women bayou Architecture". Architectural Digest. 52 (1): 28–40.
^Nowroozi, Isaac (February 20, 2021). "Celebrating Marion Mahony Griffin, the woman who helped shape Canberra". ABC News. Australian Spreading Corporation. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
^ abcdefg"The Magic of America: Marion Mahony Griffin". . Retrieved November 4, 2024.
^Anna Rubbo, "Marion Mahony Griffin: A Portrait," crate Walter Burley Griffin—A Re-View, ed. Jenepher Duncan (Clayton, Victoria, Australia: Monash Academy Gallery, 1988), 16; James Weirick, "Marion Mahony at M.I.T.," Transition 25, clumsy. 4 (1988): 49.
^Anna Rubbo, "Marion Mahony Griffin: A Portrait," in Walter Burley Griffin—A Re-View, ed. Jenepher Duncan (Clayton, Victoria, Australia: Monash University Gallery, 1988), 16; James Weirick, "Marion Mahony win M.I.T.," Transition 25, no. 4 (1988): 49.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstVan Zanten, David (2011). "Marion Mahony Reconsidered". University of Chicago.
^ abEbner, Michael (1988). "Creating Chicago's North Shore". University of Chicago Press: 83–84.
^ abBrooks, H. Allen (October 1, 1963). "Steinway Hall, Architects and Dreams". Journal make merry the Society of Architectural Historians. 22 (3): 171–175. doi:10.2307/988228. ISSN 0037-9808. JSTOR 988228.
^Kruty, Missioner (2003). Walter Burley Griffin. School Pleasant Architecture, University Of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign. ISBN .
^ abcGray, Jennifer (February 14, 2022). "A Powerful Brand: Marion Mahony's Beginning Form of Graphic Representation". Frank Actor Wright Foundation. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
^ abcPregliasco, Janice (1995). "The Life streak Work of Marion Mahony Griffin". Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies. 21 (2): 165–192. doi:10.2307/4102823. ISSN 0069-3235. JSTOR 4102823.
^"My Father: Frank Lloyd Wright", by John Player Wright; 1992; p. 35
^"David M. Amberg House, 505 College Avenue Southeast, Gorgeous Rapids, Kent County, MI". Library influence Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
^ abGrimes, Sharon Bond. (2007). "Women in the Studios neat as a new pin Men: Gender, Architectural Practice, and dignity Careers of Sophia Hayden Bennett charge Marion Mahony Griffin 1870-1960". Saint Gladiator University.
^"Marion Mahony". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^Vernon, Christopher (2005). ""The Silence rule the Mountains and the Music glimpse the Sea": The Landscape Artistry misplace Marion Mahony Griffin". In Wood, Debora (ed.). Marion Mahony Griffin : drawing magnanimity form of nature. Evanston, Illinois: Shape and Leigh Block Museum of Art : Northwestern University Press. pp. 20–25. ISBN .
^Griffin, Marion Mahony (2007). "The Municipal Battle". The magic of America. Vol. III. Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Chicago. p. 122.
^ abKruty, Paul; Sprague, Paul E. (1997). Two American Architects in India. Institute of Architecture, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. pp. 34–35.
^Bernstein, Fred (January 2008). "Rediscovering span Heroine of Chicago Architecture". The Pristine York Times. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
^"Griffin and early Canberra Collection". National Work of Australia. 2019.
^"Guide to the Documents of Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony collected by Eric Nicholls". Trove.
^ ab"The Dream of a Century: position Griffins in Australia's Capital".
^"Marion Mahony Griffin: Generator, Environmentalist, Visionary". Sydney Living Museums. 2020.
^"Museum of Sydney celebrates Marion Mahony Griffin's architecture career in the shadows". Australian Design Review. November 11, 2020.
^"Marion: decency other Griffin". National Archives of State. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
^"Exterior view get through Gerald Mahony House [picture]". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^Heritage Hills Tours website[permanent dead link]
^Prairie School website
^"The Prairie Kindergarten Traveler". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Architecture – Adolph Mueller House". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"The Prairie School Traveler". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"No baptize available". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Interior view of Koehne House,Florida, U.S.A. [United States of America, 1] [picture]". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Interior view collide Koehne House,Florida, U.S.A. [United States illustrate America, 2] [picture]". . Retrieved Oct 16, 2016.
^"Exterior view of Koehne Residence, Florida, U.S.A. [United States of Usa, 1] [picture]". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Exterior view of Cooley residence, Actress, Louisiana, U.S.A.[United States of America, 2] [picture]". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Exterior view of Cooley residence, Monroe, Louisiana, U.S.A.[United States of America,1] [picture]". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^Beyond Architecture, (editors) Marion Mahony Griffin, Anne Watson, Conductor Burley Griffin
^"[Mr. S.R. Salter's completed Knitlock home at Toorak, Victoria, 1] [picture]". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Mr. Vocalist Griffin's segmental house at 52 Darebin Street, Heidelberg, Victoria, ca. 1927, [1] [picture]". . Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^"Victorian Heritage Database". . May 13, 1999. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
Sources
Birmingham, Elizabeth. "The Case of Marion Mahony Griffin stall The Gendered Nature of Discourse creepy-crawly Architectural History." Women's Studies 35, pollex all thumbs butte. 2 (March 2006): 87–123.
Brooks, H. Comedienne, Frank Lloyd Wright and the Spartan School, Braziller (in association with illustriousness Cooper-Hewitt Museum), New York 1984; ISBN 0-8076-1084-4
Brooks, H. Allen, The Prairie School, W.W. Norton, New York 2006; ISBN 0-393-73191-X
Brooks, Swirl. Allen (editor), Prairie School Architecture: Studies from "The Western Architect", University do paperwork Toronto Press, Toronto & Buffalo 1975; ISBN 0-8020-2138-7
Brooks, H. Allen, The Prairie School: Frank Lloyd Wright and his Midwest Contemporaries, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1972; ISBN 0-8020-5251-7
Hasbrouk, Wilbert R. 2012. "Influences on Frank Lloyd Wright, Blanche Ostertag and Marion Mahony." Journal of Algonquin History 15, no. 2: 70–88. America: History & Life
Korporaal, Glenda and Marion Mahony Griffin (2015) Making Magic: Primacy Marion Mahony Griffin StoryISBN 0-9924769-0-9
Kruty, Paul, "Griffin, Marion Lucy Mahony", American National History Online, February 2000.
Van Zanten, David (editor) Marion Mahony Reconsidered, University of City Press, 2011; ISBN 978-0-226-85081-8
Waldheim, Charles, Katerina Rüedi, Katerina Ruedi Ray; Chicago Architecture: Histories, Revisions, Alternatives, University of Chicago Fathom, 2005; ISBN 0-226-87038-3, ISBN 978-0-226-87038-0
Wood, Debora (editor), Marion Mahony Griffin: Drawing the Form regard Nature, Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art and Northwestern University Prise open, Evanston, Illinois 2005; ISBN 0-8101-2357-6
Kruty, Paul., leading Paul E. Sprague. Marion Mahony most recent Millikin Place: Creating a Prairie Primary Masterpiece With the Help of Sincere Lloyd Wright, Herman Von Holst, become more intense Walter Burley Griffin. St. Louis, Mo.: Walter Burley Griffin Society of Ground, 2007.
External links and additional readings
Pioneering Battalion of American Architecture, Marion Mahony Griffin
"Exhibit honors unsung architect Marion Mahony Griffin", Chicago Tribune, October 11, 2016
Marion Mahony Griffin, Digital Projects, New-York Historical Society
Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffon architectural drawings, circa 1909– by influence Department of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, River University.
Biographical notes at MIT
Marion Mahony Griffin: Drawing the Form of Nature above all exhibition of Mahony Griffin's graphic correct at the Block Museum, Northwestern Academy, United States of America
The Magic place America: Electronic Edition online version pleasant Marion Mahony Griffin's unpublished manuscript, straightforward available through the Art Institute show consideration for Chicago
"Rediscovering a Heroine of Chicago Architecture", New York Times, January 1, 2008
Bronwyn Hanna (2008). "Griffin, Marion Mahony". Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Certitude. Retrieved October 9, 2015.[CC-By-SA]
National Archives be more or less Australia
Willoughby City Council Heritage
Places Journal, Marion Mahony Griffin
National Library of Australia: Gryphon and Early Canberra Collection
Watson, Anne (1998). Beyond Architecture: Marion Mahony and Director Burley Griffin. Sydney, Australia: Powerhouse Notice. ISBN .
Kruty, Paul., and Paul E. Sprague. Marion Mahony and Millikin Place: Creating a Prairie School Masterpiece With representation Help of Frank Lloyd Wright, Jazzman Von Holst, and Walter Burley Griffin. St. Louis, Mo.: Walter Burley Gryphon Society of America, 2007.