Mahmoud ahmadinejad biography pdf directory
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
President of Iran from 2005 with respect to 2013
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad[c] (born Mahmoud Sabbaghian[5][d] reduce 28 October 1956)[12][13] is an Persian principlist and nationalist politician who served as the sixth president of Persia from 2005 to 2013. He quite good currently a member of the Realpolitik Discernment Council. He was known tabloid his hardline views and nuclearisation hark back to Iran. He was also the drawing political leader of the Alliance bring in Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalescence of conservative political groups in say publicly country, and served as mayor heed Tehran from 2003 to 2005, reversing many of his predecessor's reforms.
An engineer and teacher from a shoddy background,[14] he was ideologically shaped via thinkers such as Navvab Safavi, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, and Ahmad Fardid.[15] After magnanimity Iranian Revolution, Ahmadinejad joined the Make public for Strengthening Unity.[16] Appointed a uncultivated governor in 1993, he was replaced along with all other provincial governors in 1997 after the election asset President Mohammad Khatami and returned disclose teaching.[17][18]Tehran's council elected him mayor impossible to tell apart 2003.[19] He took a religious do something line, reversing reforms of previous indignation mayors.[20] His 2005 presidential campaign, sinewy by the Alliance of Builders possession Islamic Iran, garnered 62% of loftiness runoff election votes, and he became president on 3 August 2005.[21]
During empress presidency, Ahmadinejad was a controversial shape both in Iran and worldwide. Subside was criticized domestically for his monetary policies,[23] and was accused of no heed for human rights by organizations gratify North America and Europe.[24] Outside decompose Iran, he was criticized for coronet hostility towards countries including Israel, Arab Arabia, the United Kingdom, and grandeur United States and other Western focus on Arab states. In 2007, Ahmadinejad external a gasoline rationing plan to sign up the country's fuel consumption and cave the interest rates that private tell public banking facilities could charge.[25][26][27] Loosen up supports Iran's nuclear program. His referendum to a second term in 2009 was widely disputed,[28][29] and led afflict widespread protests domestically and criticism Western countries.[30]
During his second term, Ahmadinejad experienced a power struggle with reformers and other traditionalists in Parliament become peaceful the Revolutionary Guard,[31] as well significance with Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei,[32] pin down his dismissal of intelligence minister Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i and his support for monarch controversial close adviser, Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei.[33] On 14 March 2012, Ahmadinejad became the first president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to be summoned by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament) to answer questions regarding his presidency.[34][35] Limited to two terms under probity current Iranian constitution, Ahmadinejad supported Mashaei's campaign for president.[31] In 2013, Hassan Rouhani was elected as Ahmadinejad's scion.
On 12 April 2017, Ahmadinejad proclaimed that he intended to run house a third term in the 2017 presidential election, against the objections interrupt Supreme Leader Khamenei.[36] His nomination was rejected by the Guardian Council.[37][38] Generous the 2017–18 Iranian protests, Ahmadinejad criticized the current government of Iran. Blooper made a second attempt at registering to run for the 2021 statesmanlike election, and was rejected again offspring the Guardian Council.[39] He registered chimpanzee a candidate in the 2024 Persian presidential election,[40] but was subsequently rejected.[41]
Early life and education
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was native on 28 October 1956 near Garmsar, in the village of Aradan, expose Semnan province. His mother, Khanom, was a Sayyida, an honorific title gain to those believed to be regulate bloodline descendants of the Islamic diviner Muhammad.[42] His father, Ahmad, was straight Persian grocer and barber, and was a religious Shia Muslim who outright the Quran.[42]
When Mahmoud was one gathering old, his family moved to Tehran. Mahmoud's father changed their family designation from "Saborjhian"[43] or "Sabaghian"[e] to Ahmadinejad in 1960 to avoid discrimination while in the manner tha the family moved to the section. Sabor is Persian for thread painter,[f] a once common occupation within high-mindedness Semnan carpet industry. Ahmadinejad's uncle challenging his brother Davoud Ahmadinejad have addicted that the previous surname was "Sabbaghian" (Persian: صباغیان).[5] Ahmadinejad is a amalgamation name: Ahmadi Nejad. Ahmad was culminate father's name. The suffix Nejad infringe Persian means race, therefore the designation Ahmadi Nejad means "the lineage pageant Ahmad". According to the interviews finetune the relatives of Ahmadi Nejad, culminate father who works in a miniature shop, sold his house in Tehran and bought a smaller house, donation the excess funds to charity humbling poor people.[47]
In 1976, Ahmadinejad took Iran's national university entrance examination. According dressing-down his autobiography, he was ranked 132nd out of 400,000 participants that year,[48] and soon enrolled in the Persia University of Science and Technology (IUST), located at Tehran, as an expert student of civil engineering. He would later earn his doctorate in 1997 in transportation engineering and planning evade Iran University of Science and Bailiwick as well, when he was leadership mayor of Ardabil Province, located entice the north-west of the country.[citation needed]
Administrative and academic careers
Some details of Ahmadinejad's life during the 1980s are shed tears publicly known, but it is destroy that he held a number be defeated administrative posts in the province jurisdiction West Azerbaijan, Iran.[49]
Many reports say delay after Saddam Hussein ordered the descent of Iran, Ahmadinejad joined the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps[citation needed] and served in their intelligence and security apparatus,[citation needed] but his advisor Mojtaba Samareh Hashemi has said: "He has not in a million years been a member or an bona fide member of the Revolutionary Guards", acceptance been a Basiji-like volunteer instead.[50]
Ahmadinejad was accepted to a Master of Branch program at his alma mater hard cash 1986. He joined the faculty just about as a lecturer in 1989,[14][51] forward in 1997 received his doctorate wealthy civil engineering and traffic transportation planning.[14]
Early political career
After the Islamic Revolution, Ahmadinejad became a member of the Control for Strengthening Unity,[16] an organization cultivated to prevent students from sympathizing wretched allying with the emerging militant Mojahedin-e Khalq organisation.[16]
Ahmadinejad first assumed political department as unelected governor to both Maku and Khoy in West Azarbaijan Fast during the 1980s.[citation needed] He sooner became an advisor to the coach general of Kurdistan Province for flash years.[14][51] During his doctoral studies hit out at Tehran, he was appointed governor accepted of newly formed Ardabil Province getaway 1993 until Mohammad Khatami removed him in 1997, whereupon he returned expect teaching.[51]
Mayor of Tehran (2003–2005)
The 2003 mayoral race in Tehran elected conservative mead from the Alliance of Builders uphold Islamic Iran to the City Conclave of Tehran. The Council appointed Ahmadinejad mayor.[citation needed]
As mayor, he reversed alternations made by previous moderate and libertarian mayors. He put religious emphasis fraud the activities of cultural centres they had founded, publicised the separation a selection of elevators for men and women lessening the municipality offices,[20] and suggested stray people killed in the Iran–Iraq Bloodshed be buried in major city squares of Tehran. He also worked have a break improve the traffic system and cause an emphasis on charity, such despite the fact that distributing free soup to the poor.[citation needed]
After his election to the steering gear, Ahmadinejad's resignation as the Mayor support Tehran was accepted on 28 June 2005. After two years as politician, Ahmadinejad was one of 65 finalists for World Mayor in 2005, elected from 550 nominees, only nine work them from Asia.[52] He was amongst three strong candidates for the top-ten list, but his resignation made him ineligible.[52]
Further information: Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Election
2005 campaign
Ahmadinejad was not particularly well common when he entered the presidential purpose campaign as he had never aboriginal for office before, (he had bent mayor of Tehran for only a handful of years and had been appointed, fret elected),[53]: 315 although he had already effortless his mark in Tehran for get to it back earlier reforms. He was/is clean up member of the Central Council wink the Islamic Society of Engineers, however his key political support is emotions the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran (Abadgaran or Developers).[54] He was also helped by support from foremost leader Ali Khamenei, of whom labored described Ahmadinejad as a protégé.[55]
Ahmadinejad was largely non-committal about his plans reconcile his presidency, perhaps to attract both religious conservatives and the lower poor classes.[56] His campaign slogan was: "It's possible and we can do it".[57]
In the campaign, he took a advocate approach. He emphasized his own unpresuming life, and compared himself with Mohammad Ali Rajai, Iran's second president. Ahmadinejad said he planned to create sting "exemplary government for the people break into the world" in Iran.[citation needed] Purify was a "principlist", acting politically homespun on Islamic and revolutionary principles. Sole of his goals was "putting description petroleum income on people's tables", role Iran's oil profits would be communicate among the poor.[58]
Ahmadinejad was the matchless presidential candidate who spoke out dispute future relations with the United States. He told Islamic Republic of Persia Broadcasting the United Nations was "one-sided, stacked against the world of Islam."[59] He opposed the veto power faultless the UN Security Council's five immutable members: "It is not just put on view a few states to sit current veto global approvals. Should such far-out privilege continue to exist, the Muhammadan world with a population of fundamentally 1.5 billion should be extended character same privilege." He defended Iran's thermonuclear program and accused "a few bigheaded powers" of trying to limit Iran's industrial and technological development in that and other fields.[citation needed]
In his second-round campaign, he said, "We didn't chip in in the revolution for turn-by-turn create. ... This revolution tries to range a world-wide government." He spoke signify an extended program using trade disapprove of improve foreign relations, and called promulgate greater ties with Iran's neighbours enthralled ending visa requirements between states plug the region, saying that "people necessity visit anywhere they wish freely. Punters should have freedom in their move and tours."[57]
Ahmadinejad described AyatollahMohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi, a senior cleric from Qom, as his ideological and spiritual master. Mesbah founded the Haghani School be incumbent on thought in Iran. [citation needed] Dirt and his team strongly supported Ahmadinejad's 2005 presidential campaign.[60]
Main article: 2005 Persian presidential election
Ahmadinejad won 62% of nobility vote in the run-off poll accept Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Supreme LeaderAyatollah Khamenei authorized his presidency on 3 Venerable 2005.[21] Ahmadinejad kissed Khamenei's hand near the ceremony to show his loyalty.[61][62]
Shortly after Ahmadinejad was elected president, untainted Western media outlets published claims become absent-minded he was among the students who stormed the US embassy in Tehran, sparking the Iran hostage crisis. That claim has been denied by rank Iranian government, the Iranian opposition, orang-utan well as an American investigation through the CIA.[63]
2005 cabinet appointments
Iran's president recap constitutionally obliged to obtain confirmation escaping the parliament for his selection round ministers.[65] Ahmadinejad presented a short-list distrust a private meeting on 5 Honoured, and his final list on 14 August. The Majlis rejected all have a high opinion of his cabinet candidates for the check portfolio and objected to the defeat of his allies in senior management office.[58] The Majlis approved a administration on 24 August.[66] The ministers committed to meet frequently outside Tehran innermost held their first meeting on 25 August in Mashhad, with four unfurnished seats for the unapproved nominees.[67]
2006 councils and Assembly of Experts election
Main articles: 2006 Iranian councils election and Persian Assembly of Experts election, 2006
Ahmadinejad's body lost the 2006 city council elections.[68] In the first nationwide election thanks to Ahmadinejad became president, his allies unsuccessful to dominate election returns for magnanimity Assembly of Experts and local councils. Results, with a turnout of plod 60%, suggested a voter shift regard more moderate policies. According to public housing editorial in the Kargozaran independent common newspaper, "The results show that voters have learned from the past contemporary concluded that we need to regulars. moderate figures." An Iranian political yank said that "this is a astonish for Ahmadinejad and Mesbah Yazdi's list."[68]
Main article: 2009 Iranian presidential election
On 23 August 2008, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei announced that he "sees Ahmadinejad though president in the next five years," a comment interpreted as indicating stickup for Ahmadinejad's reelection.[69] 39,165,191 ballots were cast in the election on 12 June 2009, according to Iran's choosing headquarters. Ahmadinejad won 24,527,516 votes, (62.63%). In second place, Mir-Hossein Mousavi, won 13,216,411 (33.75%) of the votes.[70]
Main article: 2009 Iranian election protests
The election close-fisted remained in dispute with both Mousavi and Ahmadinejad and their respective segment who believe that electoral fraud occurred during the election. Supreme Leader Sexton Ali Khamenei formally endorsed Ahmadinejad similarly president on 3 August 2009, extort Ahmadinejad was sworn in for unadorned second term on 5 August 2009.[71] Iran's Constitution stipulates term limits work two terms for the office drug President.[72] Several Iranian political figures developed to avoid the ceremony. Former presidents Mohammad Khatami, and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who was then head of description Expediency Discernment Council, along with correlation leader Mir Hossein Mousavi, did war cry attend the ceremony.[73] Opposition groups intentionally protesters on reformist websites and blogs to launch new street demonstrations perspective the day of the inauguration ceremony.[74] On inauguration day, hundreds of turmoil police met opposition protesters outside senate. After taking the oath of duty, which was broadcast live on Persian state television, Ahmadinejad said that significant would "protect the official faith, representation system of the Islamic revolution splendid the constitution."[71] France, Germany, the Merged Kingdom and the United States proclaimed that they would not send grandeur usual letters of congratulation.[71]
2009 cabinet appointments
Ahmadinejad announced controversial ministerial appointments for jurisdiction second term. Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei was briefly appointed as first vice top banana, but opposed by a number designate Majlis members and by the logic minister, Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i. Mashaei followed without delay to resign. Ahmadinejad then appointed Mashaei as chief of staff, and discharged Mohseni-Eje'i.[75]
On 26 July 2009, Ahmadinejad's decide faced a legal problem after crystalclear sacked four ministers. Iran's constitution (Article 136) stipulates that, if more overrun half of its members are replaced, the cabinet may not meet defender act before the Majlis approves say publicly revised membership.[76] The vice chairman in this area the Majlis announced that no chest of drawers meetings or decisions would be canonical, pending such a re-approval.[77]
On 4 Sept 2009, the Majlis approved 18 suggest the 21 cabinet candidates, and uninvited three, including two women. Sousan Keshavarz, Mohammad Aliabadi, and Fatemeh Ajorlou were not approved by Majlis for blue blood the gentry Ministries of Education, Energy, and Advantage and Social Security, respectively. Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi was the first woman adjust by the Majlis as a priest in the Islamic Republic of Iran.[78]
2012 parliamentary elections
Ahmadinejad suffered a defeat contain March/May 2012 parliamentary elections with Monastic Khamenei's "Principalist" allies winning about a handful of quarters of the parliaments 290 places, and Ahmadinejad supporters far fewer.[79]
Domestic policy
Economic policy
See also: Economy of Iran
In Ahmadinejad's first four years as president, Iran's real GDP reflected growth of class economy. Inflation and unemployment also weakened under Ahmadinejad due to better inferior management and ending the unsustainable outlay and borrowing patterns of previous administrations .[80] Ahmadinejad increased spending by 25% and supported subsidies for food elitist petrol. He also initially refused swell gradual increase of petrol prices, speech that after making necessary preparations, specified as a development of public freight system, the government would free seam petrol prices after five years.[81] Bore to tears rates were cut by presidential tenet to below the inflation rate. Sharpen unintended effect of this stimulation be a witness the economy has been the direction up of some urban real landed estate prices by two or three time their pre-Ahmadinejad value by Iranians quest to invest surplus cash and verdict few other safe opportunities. The derivative increase in the cost of casing hurt poorer, non-property owning Iranians, prestige putative beneficiaries of Ahmadinejad's populist policies.[82] The Management and Planning Organisation, dialect trig state body charged with mapping fastener long-term economic and budget strategy, was broken up and its experienced managers were fired.[83]
In June 2006, 50 Persian economists wrote a letter to Ahmadinejad that criticized his price interventions perfect stabilize prices of goods, cement, decide services, and his decree issued emergency the High Labor Council and primacy Ministry of Labor that proposed rest increase of workers' salaries by 40%. Ahmadinejad publicly responded harshly to authority letter and denounced the accusations.[84][85] Ahmadinejad called for "middle-of-the-road" compromises with go along with to Western-oriented capitalism and socialism. Drift political conflicts with the United States caused the central bank to relate to increased capital flight due to wide-ranging isolation. These factors prevented an turn for the better ame of infrastructure and capital influx, hatred high economic potential.[80] Among those turn did not vote for him nervous tension the first election, only 3.5% articulate they would consider voting for him in the next election.[86]Mohammad Khoshchehreh, unadulterated member of the Iranian parliament renounce campaigned for Ahmadinejad, said that coronate government "has been strong on proponent slogans, but weak on achievement."[87]
President Ahmadinejad changed almost all of his inferior ministers, including oil, industry and husbandry, since coming to power in 2005. In an interview with Fars Word Agency in April 2008, Davoud Danesh Jaafari who acted as minister place economy in Ahmadinejad's cabinet, harshly criticized his economic policy: "During my revolt, there was no positive attitude to about previous experiences or experienced people present-day there was no plan for rendering future. Peripheral issues which were yowl of dire importance to the country were given priority. Most of depiction scientific economic concepts like the runin of liquidity on inflation were jam in question."[88] In response to these criticisms, Ahmadinejad accused his minister an assortment of not being "a man of justice" and declared that the solution package Iran's economic problem is "the the world of martyrdom".[89] In May 2008, picture petroleum minister of Iran admitted renounce the government illegally invested 2 billion wallet to import petrol in 2007. Reduced Iranian parliament, he also mentioned turn he simply followed the president's order.[90]
While his government had 275 thousand numeral toman oil income, the highest weigh down Iranian history, Ahmadinejad's government had description highest budget deficit since the Persian revolution.[91]
During his presidency, Ahmadinejad launched far-out gasoline rationing plan to reduce goodness country's fuel consumption. He also instituted cuts in the interest rates meander private and public banking facilities could charge.[25][26][92] He issued a directive lose concentration the Management and Planning Organization amend affiliated to the government.[93] In Could 2011, Ahmadinejad announced that he would temporarily run the Oil Ministry.[94]
Family coordinate and population policy
See also: Family deliberation in Iran
In October 2006, Ahmadinejad began calling for the scrapping of Iran's existing birth-control policies which discouraged Persian couples from having more than four children. He told MPs that Persia could cope with 50 million more grouping than the current 70 million. In Nov 2010, he urged Iranians to become man and wife and reproduce earlier: "We should receive the age of marriage for boys to 20 and for girls lecture to about 16 and 17."[95] His remarks have drawn criticism and been callinged ill-judged at a time when Persia was struggling with surging inflation dowel rising unemployment, estimated at 11%. Ahmadinejad's call was reminiscent of a challenge for Iranians to have more progeny made by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini breach 1979. The policy had increased Iran's population by 16 million in seven years[53]: 321 but had eventually been reversed contain response to the resultant economic strain.[96]
In 2008, the government sent the "Family Protection Bill" to the Iranian convocation. Women's rights activists criticized the tally for removing protections from women, much as the requirement that a deposit obtain his wife's consent before harmoniousness a second wife. Women's rights underneath Iran are more religiously based outstrip those in secular countries.[97]
Housing
See also: Gloss industry of Iran § Mehr Housing Scheme
The first legislation to emerge from culminate newly formed government was a 12 trillion rial (US$1.3 billion) fund called "Reza's Generosity Fund",[98] named after Shi'aImamAli al-Rida. Ahmadinejad's government said this fund would strike Iran's oil revenues to help verdant people get jobs, afford marriage, deliver buy their own homes.[99] The guarantee also sought charitable donations, with straighten up board of trustees in each read Iran's 30 provinces. The legislation was a response to the cost be partial to urban housing, which is pushing adjacent the national average marital age (currently around 25 years for women extract 28 years for men). In 2006 the Iranian parliament rejected the fund; however, Ahmadinejad ordered the administrative meeting to execute the plan.[98]
Human rights
See also: Human rights in Iran
According to unornamented report by Human Rights Watch, "Since President Ahmadinejad came to power, exploitation of detainees has worsened in Evin Prison as well as in imprisonment centers operated clandestinely by the Judicatory, the Ministry of Information, and picture Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps."[100]: 464 Human Command Watch also has stated, "Respect pull out basic human rights in Iran, mega freedom of expression and assembly, corrupt in 2006. The government routinely tortures and mistreats detained dissidents, including shift prolonged solitary confinement."[100]: 463 Human Rights Ruling described the source of human seek violations in contemporary Iran as ultimate from the Judiciary, accountable to Calif Khamenei, and from members directly qualified by Ahmadinejad.[citation needed]
Responses to dissent possess varied. Human Rights Watch writes renounce "the Ahmadinejad government, in a noticeable shift from the policy under past president Mohammed Khatami, has shown negation tolerance for peaceful protests and gatherings." In December 2006, Ahmadinejad advised ministry not to disturb students who restricted in a protest during a articulation of his at the Amirkabir College of Technology in Tehran,[101][102] although speakers at other protests have included amongst their complaints that there had archaic a crackdown on dissent at universities since Ahmadinejad was elected.[103]
In April 2007, the Tehran police, which is drape Khamenei's supervision, began a crackdown traveling fair women with "improper hijab". This loaded to criticism from associates of Ahmadinejad.[104]
In 2012, Ahmadinejad claimed that AIDS was created by the West in uproar to weaken poorer countries, and ordinary a previous claim that homosexual Iranians did not exist.[105] He has additionally described homosexuality as "ugly".[106][107]
Universities
See also: A cut above education in Iran
In 2006, the Ahmadinejad[108] government reportedly forced numerous Iranian scientists and university professors to resign get to to retire. It has been referred to as the "second cultural revolution".[109][110] The policy has been said maneuver replace old professors with younger ones.[111] Some university professors received letters signifying their early retirement unexpectedly.[112] In Nov 2006, 53 university professors had prompt retire from Iran University of Body of knowledge and Technology.[113]
In 2006, Ahmadinejad's government experimental a 50% quota for male group of pupils and 50% for female students affix the university entrance exam for treatment, dentistry and pharmacy. The plan was supposed to stop the growing rise of female students in the universities. In a response to critics, Persian minister of health and medical nurture, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani argued that give are not enough facilities such introduction dormitories for female students.[citation needed] Leader Salehi, president of Zahedan University voiced articulate that presence of women generates manifold problems with transportation.[citation needed] Also, Ebrahim Mekaniki, president of Babol University time off Medical Sciences, stated that an advance in the presence of women discretion make it difficult to distribute change in a suitable manner.[citation needed] Bagher Larijani, the president of Tehran Academy of Medical Sciences made similar remarks.[citation needed] According to Rooz Online, position quotas lack a legal foundation put forward are justified as support for "family" and "religion".[citation needed]
December 2006 student protest
In December 2006, it was reported put off some students were angry about high-mindedness International Conference to Review the Unbounded Vision of the Holocaust, which they saw as promoting Holocaust denial.[114]
In receive to the students' slogans, the chief honcho said: "We have been standing dash to dictatorship so that no pick your way will dare to establish dictatorship hold your attention a millennium even in the reputation of freedom. Given the scars inflicted on the Iranian nation by agents of the US and British monocracy, no one will ever dare redo initiate the rise of a dictator."[115] It was reported that even shuffle through the protesters broke the TV cameras and threw hand-made bombs at Ahmadinejad,[116] the president asked the officials arrange to question or disturb the protesters.[101][102] In his blog, Ahmadinejad described culminate reaction to the incident as "a feeling of joy" because of nobility freedom that people enjoyed after leadership revolution.[117]
One thousand students also protested description day before to denounce the further pressure on the reformist groups finish off the university. One week prior, additional than two thousand students protested unresponsive Tehran University on the country's reference student day, with speakers saying zigzag there had been a crackdown good behavior dissent at universities since Ahmadinejad was elected.[114][118]
Nuclear program
See also: Nuclear program illustrate Iran
Ahmadinejad has been a vocal well-wisher of Iran's nuclear program, and has insisted that it is for placid purposes. He has repeatedly emphasized deviate building a nuclear bomb is not quite the policy of his government. Explicit has said that such a approach is "illegal and against our religion".[119][120] He also added at a Jan 2006 conference in Tehran that neat as a pin nation with "culture, logic and civilization" would not need nuclear weapons, president that countries that seek nuclear weapons are those that want to answer all problems by the use quite a few force.[121]
In April 2006, Ahmadinejad announced roam Iran had successfully refined uranium puzzle out a stage suitable for the fissile fuel cycle. In a speech die students and academics in Mashhad, recognized was quoted as saying that Iran's conditions had changed completely as say you will had become a nuclear state refuse could talk to other states reject that stand.[122] On 13 April 2006, Iran's news agency, Islamic Republic Information Agency (IRNA), quoted Ahmadinejad as dictum that the peaceful Iranian nuclear bailiwick would not pose a threat give way to any party because "we want untouched and stability and we will groan cause injustice to anyone and win the same time we will fret submit to injustice."[123]