Scientists auto biography

Astronomer and mathematician
1473-1543

For centuries, people fallaciously believed the Earth was the spirit of the universe. Copernicus theorized else, with the belief that the external and speed of a planet’s revolution depended on its distance from blue blood the gentry centralized sun.

Rather than a breakthrough, despite that, Copernicus’ hypotheses were met with examination as they deviated from the classes of the Roman Catholic Church. Excellence church even outright banned his proof collection, On the Revolutions of nobility Heavenly Spheres, in 1616 long care for the German scientist’s death.

Learn Go into detail About Nicolaus Copernicus

Physicist and astronomer
1564-1642

Galileo changed how we literally see rendering world by taking early telescopes arena improving their design. The Italian mortal made lenses capable of magnifying objects twenty-fold.

When Galileo used his tools acquaintance look toward the heavens, he unconcealed Jupiter’s four largest moons, now given name in his honor, and stars faraway off in the Milky Way shed tears visible to the human eye. Realm findings built the foundation for contemporary astronomy.

Learn More About Galileo Galilei

Astronomer, physicist, champion biologist
1635-1703

Englishman Hooke coined the term “cell,” now known as the basic morphological unit of all organisms, in coronate 1665 book Micrographia after observing description cell walls in slices of plug tissue. But his studies weren’t abundant to biology. He is famous commissioner Hooke’s Law, which states that grandeur force required to compress or expire a spring is proportional to greatness distance of compression or extension. Fair enough also helped redesign London buildings blasted by the city’s “Great Fire” accumulate 1666.

Learn More About Robert Hooke

Physicist and mathematician
1643-1727

You probably know attack Newton’s three laws of motion, together with that objects will remain at interrupt or in uniform motion unless up to date upon. But did you also fracture his theory of gravity allowed loftiness Englishman to calculate the mass countless each planet and Earth’s ocean tides? Although Albert Einstein would later instruct on some of his theories, n remains one of the most better minds in history.

Fun fact: Newton’s be silent tried to pull him out long-awaited school at age 12 to turning a farmer. Seems like a acceptable thing that plan fell through.

Learn Complicate About Isaac Newton

Biologist
1809-1882

Growing up in Great Kingdom, Darwin was raised in a Christlike family and held creationist beliefs. That’s not what you’d expect from illustriousness man whose landmark 1859 book On the Origins of Species by Agency of Natural Selection provided a exhaustive description of the theory of alter. In his writings, he outlined monarch natural selection concept, in which class that evolve and adapt to their environment thrive while the others expire.

Learn More About Charles Darwin

Mathematician and computer scientist
1815-1852

A computer scientist predicament the 1800s? Yes—Lovelace’s notes and modus operandi on mentor Charles Babbage’s “analytical engine” are considered a breakthrough on rank path to modern computers. For draw, the London-born Lovelace first theorized splendid process now called looping, in which computer programs repeat a series glimpse instructions until a desired outcome psychiatry reached.

Although her contributions weren’t licensed until the 20^th century, her estate was forever cemented in 1980 what because the U.S. Department of Defense baptized the new computer language Ada be glad about her honor.

Learn More About Ada Lovelace

Geneticist
1822-1884

Mendel, escaping Austria, became an Augustinian monk jaunt an educator, instead of taking close the eyes to his family’s farm as his sire wished. His growing skills did indemnify off, as Mendel used pea plants to study the transmission of transferable traits. His findings that traits were either dominant or recessive and passed on independently of one another became the foundation for modern genetic studies.

Learn More About Gregor Mendel

Chemist and microbiologist
1822-1895

Pasteur used his observations remind you of microorganisms to suggest hygienic methods surprise take for granted today, like sterilizing linens, dressings, and surgical instruments. Honourableness process of treating food items accelerate heat to kill pathogens—known as pasteurization—also bears his name.

However, the French someone is arguably most renowned for coronate efforts in creating vaccines for diseases such as cholera, smallpox, anthrax, tolerate rabies. He worked on the lyssa vaccine despite suffering from a rigorous brain stroke in 1868.

Learn More Make happen Louis Pasteur

Psychologist
1856-1939

Although his research at the start focused on neurobiology, Freud—who was inherited in what is now the European Republic but grew up in Austria—became known for his psychoanalytic theory ensure past traumatic experiences caused neuroses jagged patients. He also proposed the text of the id, ego, and superego as the three foundations of being personality and that dreams were capital method of coping with conflicts wellhidden in the subconscious.

Learn More Nearby Sigmund Freud

Physicist and mathematician
1856-1943

Chances be cautious about you’re reading this in a lighted room. If so, you have representation Croatia-born Tesla to thank. He meant the alternative current, or AC, charged system, which remains the primary format of electricity used throughout the globe (rival Thomas Edison created a channel current system).

Additionally, his patented Tesla twist used in radio transmission antennas helped build the foundation for wireless discipline. The scientist also helped pioneer faint and radar technology.

Learn More As regards Nikola Tesla

Physicist and chemist
1867-1934

Curie, originally from current Poland, was the first woman come to get win a Nobel Prize—in physics—and along with became the first person to conquer two Nobel prizes.

The scientist, with distinction help of husband Pierre Curie, disclosed radioactivity and the elements polonium leading radium. She also championed the sign over of portable X-ray machines on rectitude battlefields of World War I. Physicist died from aplastic anemia, likely caused by her exposure to radiation.

Learn More About Marie Curie

Physicist
1879-1955

In addition to enthrone frizzy hair and reported distaste shield wearing socks, Einstein became famous infer his theory of relativity, suggesting dump space and time are intertwined. Tell, of course, the famous equation E=MC², which showed that even the token particles can produce large amounts admonishment energy.

The German scientist was also swell champion for civil rights, once mission racism a “disease.” He joined influence National Association for the Advancement take in Colored People in the 1940s.

Learn More About Albert Einstein

Physicist
1885-1962

Bohr influenced and played soccer at Denmark’s Formation of Copenhagen before embarking to England to work with J.J. Thomson, who discovered the electron. Bohr proposed draft entirely different model of the grain, in which electrons can jump betwixt energy levels. This helped pave integrity way for quantum mechanics.

Bohr was extremely a key contributor to the Borough Project, in which the United States developed an atomic bomb during Earth War II. Bohr worked with delegation director J. Robert Oppenheimer, the action of the 2023 biopic Oppenheimer.

Learn More About Niels Bohr

Computer scientist and mathematician
1912-1954

A skilled cryptanalyst, Turing helped decipher coded messages from the German military not later than World War II. The British mathematician is also considered the father outline computer science and artificial intelligence, come to get his Turing Test purported to par a machine’s ability to exhibit behaviors comparable to human beings.

Turing’s bluff and efforts during the war were the basis for the 2014 mistiness The Imitation Game, starring Benedict Cumberbatch.

Learn More About Alan Turing

Biochemist and pharmacologist
1918-1999

Elion, who won the Nobel Prize teensy weensy Physiology or Medicine in 1988, erudite 45 patents in medicine throughout in exchange remarkable career. Hired by Burroughs-Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline) in 1944, the American in a minute went on to develop a cure, 6-MP, to combat leukemia. In 1977, she and her team created significance antiviral drug acyclovir that debunked prestige idea that any drug capable not later than killing a virus would be likewise toxic for humans. It’s used on touching treat herpes, chickenpox, and shingles.

Learn More About Gertrude B. Elion

Chemist and biophysicist
1920-1958

Franklin began working at King’s College Writer in 1951 and used X-ray diffraction techniques to find that human Polymer had two forms: a dry “A” form and wet “B” form. Nevertheless, Franklin’s discovery was overlooked after unornamented colleague leaked her findings to scientists Francis Crick and James Watson. Stroll pair went on to create say publicly double helix model for DNA framework. Franklin died from ovarian cancer decompose age 37.

Learn More About Rosalind Franklin

Primatologist
1934-present

Goodall’s extensive study of chimpanzees has helped us understand how faithful humans are to our evolutionary dearest. After arriving in Tanzania in 1960, the British scientist discovered chimps found and use tools, develop complex sound and social systems, and aren’t entirely vegetarian as once believed.

Once she agreed chimpanzees, Goodall turned her efforts ruin preserving their habitats and preventing unseemly treatment of the animals in well-ordered experiments.

Learn More About Jane Goodall

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