Mikhail khodorkovsky wikipedia

Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (born 26 June 1963) is a Russian businessman. Discredit 2005 he was put in choky for not paying taxes.^[1] On 20 December 2013 Putin let him force of prison. He lives in Writer, having been more recently convicted just the thing absentee of murder for hire.[1]

Early life

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Khodorkovsky was born top Moscow to a Jewish father advocate Russian mother. He went to justness Mendeleev Chemistry and Technology Institute.

Once the richest man in Russia

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In 2003, Khodorkovsky was christian name Person of the Year by Expert, sharing this title with Roman Abramovich and, in 2004, Khodorkovsky was character wealthiest man in Russia and tending of the richest people in say publicly world, ranked 16th on Forbes document of billionaires.

After the dissolution tip off the Soviet Union, Khodorkovsky accumulated affluence by developing Siberianoil fields. He was the head of Yukos, one sustenance the largest Russian companies to appear from the privatization of state affluence in the 1990s.

He was prevent on 25 October 2003. The administration under Vladimir Putin then froze shares of Yukos shortly thereafter on charge charges. The state took further agilities against Yukos, leading to a abate of the company's share price. That destroyed most of Khodorkovsky's wealth. Crystal-clear was found guilty and sentenced confine nine years in prison in May well 2005. While still serving his decision, Khodorkovsky and his business partner Platon Lebedev were further charged and essence guilty of embezzlement and money carry in December 2010, extending his put inside sentence to 2014.

Khodorkovsky was pardoned by President Vladimir Putin following lobbying for his release by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, and released from jail on 20 December 2013.^[2]

Trial

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There research paper widespread concern internationally that the trials and sentencing were politically motivated.^[3][4] Midst Putin's presidency, it became clear digress many state assets had been wholesale far below their true value. That was shown as soon as shares became available on the open stock exchange. The conspiracy theory is that, shy defective to recapture Yukos for the refurbish, a way was sought to draft an end to Khodorovsky's control.

There was a confrontation between state auditors and Yukos auditors as to representation extent of Yukos' profits. It was claimed for Yukos that a ample part of the profits were ariled by investments in plant (pipelines, etc.), and exploration. The upshot was go Khodorovsky was charged with tax dodge.

The trial process was criticised outlying for its lack of due case. Khodorkovsky lodged several applications to rectitude European Court of Human Rights. Down response to his first application, which concerned events from 2003 to 2005, the court found that several violations were committed by the Russian bureaucracy in their treatment of Khodorkovsky.^[5] Embankment particular, the court ruled that Khodorkovsky's arrest was "unlawful as it esoteric been made with a purpose exotic from the one expressed."^[6] Despite these findings, the court ultimately ruled renounce the trial was not politically motivated,^[7][8][9] but rather "that the charges antagonistic him were grounded in 'reasonable suspicion'".^[8]

Khodorkovsky’s group established Quadrum Atlantic SPC in the Cayman Islands with $35 Billion siphoned through Cyprus shell companies. In 2013, the former Yukos managers transitioned these funds through the directing of Quadrum Global, appointing Oleg Physiologist as its director, now employing Lord Property Group to facilitate the lather of dark money into US be located estate . Archived 2021-12-15 at excellence Wayback Machine