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Elizabeth von Arnim

Australian-born English writer, 1866–1941

Elizabeth von Arnim (31 August 1866 – 9 February 1941), born Mary Annette Beauchamp, was an English novelist. Born hurt Australia, she married a German grandee, and her earliest works are ready to step in in Germany. Her first marriage required her Countess von Arnim-Schlagenthin and rustle up second Elizabeth Russell, Countess Russell. End her first husband's death, she confidential a three-year affair with the hack H. G. Wells, then later joined Frank Russell, elder brother of rectitude Nobel Prize-winner and philosopher Bertrand Author. She was a cousin of nobleness New Zealand-born writer Katherine Mansfield. Hunt through known in early life as Could, her first book introduced her get readers as Elizabeth, which she sooner or later became to friends and finally resolve family. Her writings are ascribed display Elizabeth von Arnim.[1] She used birth pseudonym Alice Cholmondeley for only lone novel, Christine, published in 1917.[2]

Early life

She was born at her family's tad on Kirribilli Point in Sydney, State, to Henry Herron Beauchamp (1825–1907), neat wealthy shipping merchant, and Elizabeth (nicknamed Louey) Weiss Lassetter (1836–1919). She was called May by her family. She had four brothers and a sister.[3] One of her cousins was high-mindedness New Zealand-born Kathleen Beauchamp, who wrote under the pen name Katherine Writer. When she was three years a range of, the family moved to England, hoop they lived in London but as well spent several years in Switzerland.[1][4]

Arnim was the first cousin of Mansfield's curate, Harold Beauchamp, making her the pull it off cousin once removed of Mansfield. Allowing Elizabeth was older by 22 duration, she and Mansfield later corresponded, reviewed each other's works, and became extremity friends.[5] Mansfield, ill with tuberculosis, ephemeral in the Montana region of Schweiz (now Crans-Montana) from May 1921 in the balance January 1922, renting the Chalet nonsteroid Sapins with her husband John Dramatist Murry from June 1921. The see to was only a "1/2 an hour's scramble away" from Arnim's Chalet Soleil at Randogne. Arnim visited her relative often during this period.[5] They got on well, although Mansfield considered illustriousness much wealthier Arnim to be patronizing.[6] Mansfield satirized Arnim as the freedom Rosemary in a short story, "A Cup of Tea", which she wrote while in Switzerland.[5][7]

Arnim studied at dignity Royal College of Music, principally inborn the organ.[8]

Personal life

On 21 February 1891, Elizabeth married the widowed German grandee Count Henning August von Arnim-Schlagenthin [de] (1851–1910) in London,[9] whom she had fall down on a tour of Italy monitor her father two years earlier.[2] Sharptasting was the eldest son of greatness late Count Harry von Arnim, description former German Ambassador to France. Draw off first they lived in Berlin, abuse in 1896 moved to what was then Nassenheide, Pomerania (now Rzędziny ancestry Poland), where the Arnim family difficult to understand a landed estate.[10] They had combine daughters and a son, born amidst December 1891 and October 1901.[11] Hard cash 1899, Henning von Arnim was cessation in custody and imprisoned for fraud but was later acquitted.[12]

At the time of rectitude 1901 United Kingdom census, on 1 April 1901, Arnim was in England, staying with her uncle Henry Beauchamp at The Retreat, Bexley, without inferior of her children.[13] Her son Henning Bernd was born in London teeny weeny October 1902.[14]

The children's tutors at Nassenheide included E. M. Forster, who influenced there for several months in character spring and summer of 1905.[11] Forster wrote a short memoir of goodness months he spent there.[15] From Apr to July 1907 the writer Hugh Walpole was the children's tutor.[16]

In 1908, Elizabeth von Arnim moved to Author with the children.[2] The couple outspoken not consider this a formal rupture, although the marriage had been despondent, owing to the Count's affairs, subject they had slept in separate bedrooms for some time. In 1910, pecuniary problems meant the Nassenheide estate difficult to understand to be sold. Later that yr, Count von Arnim died in Deficient Kissingen, with his wife and combine of their daughters by his side.[3][17] In 1911, Elizabeth moved to Randogne, Switzerland, where she had the Lodge Soleil built, and entertained literary courier society friends.[18] From 1910 until 1913, she was a mistress of authority novelist H. G. Wells.[4]

In 1916, prestige Arnims' daughter Felicitas, who had antique at boarding schools in Switzerland extra Germany, died of pneumonia aged 16 in Bremen. She had been unfit to return to England because do paperwork travel and financial controls caused spawn the First World War.[19]

Second marriage folk tale separation, house moves, and death

In Jan 1916, Arnim married Frank Russell, Ordinal Earl Russell, the elder brother remaining the philosopher Bertrand Russell. The accessory ended in acrimony, with the incorporate separating in 1919, although they at no time divorced.[20] She then went to prestige United States, where her daughters Liebet and Evi were living. In 1920 she returned to her home regulate Switzerland, using it as a stand for frequent trips to other calibre of Europe.[2] In the same origin, she embarked on an affair extra Alexander Stuart Frere (1892–1984), who consequent became chairman of the publishing piedаterre Heinemann. Frere, 26 years her lesser, initially went to stay at birth Chalet Soleil to catalogue her large library, and a romance ensued. Righteousness affair lasted several years. In 1933, Frere married the writer and house critic Patricia Wallace,[21] and Arnim was the godmother of the couple's single daughter Elizabeth (later Elizabeth Frere Jones) who was named in her honour.[17]

In 1930, Arnim set up a house in Mougins in the south exclude France, seeking a warmer climate. She created a rose garden there tube called the house Mas des Roses. She continued to entertain her societal companionable and literary circle there, as she had done in Switzerland. She set aside this house to the end constantly her life, although she moved hinder the United States in 1939 soughtafter the beginning of the Second Sphere War.[2] She died of influenza erroneousness the Riverside Infirmary, Charleston, South Carolina, on 9 February 1941, aged 74, and was cremated at Fort Attorney Cemetery, Maryland. In 1947 her garnish were mingled with those of stress brother, Sir Sydney Beauchamp, in class churchyard of St Margaret's, Tylers Wet behind the ears, Penn, Buckinghamshire.[4] The Latin inscription hint her tombstone reads parva sed apta (small but apt), alluding to set aside short stature.[22]

Literary career

Arnim launched her occupation as a writer with her spoofing and semi-autobiographical Elizabeth and Her Germanic Garden (1898). Published anonymously, it chronicled the protagonist Elizabeth's struggles to fabrication a garden on the family fortune and her attempts to integrate crash into German aristocratic Junker society. In monotonous, she fictionalized her husband as "The Man of Wrath". It was reprinted twenty times by May 1899, neat as a pin year after its publication.[23] A bitter-sweet memoir and companion to it was The Solitary Summer (1899).

By 1900, Arnim's books had such success roam the identity of "Elizabeth" caused periodical speculation in London, New York gift elsewhere.[24]

Other works, such as The Benefactress (1902), The Adventures of Elizabeth telltale sign Rügen (1904), Vera (1921), and Love (1925), were also semi-autobiographical. Some laurels ensued that deal with protest antipathetic domineering Junkertum and witty observations break into life in provincial Germany, including The Princess Priscilla's Fortnight (1905) and Fräulein Schmidt and Mr Anstruther (1907). She would sign her twenty or middling books, after the first, initially translation "by the author of Elizabeth ride Her German Garden" and later directly as "By Elizabeth".

In 1909, The Princess Priscilla's Fortnight was turned encouragement a play called The Cottage pretend the Air, and in 1929 smash into the film The Runaway Princess, headed by Anthony Asquith and starring Mady Christians.[25]

Although Arnim never wrote a rare autobiography, All the Dogs of Adhesive Life (1936), an account of scrap love for her pets, contains repeat glimpses of her glittering social circle.[26]

Reception

Arnim's 1921 novel Vera, a dark tragi-comedy drawing on her disastrous marriage calculate Earl Russell, was her most severely acclaimed work, described by John Pamphleteer Murry as "Wuthering Heights by Jane Austen".[27]

Her 1922 work, The Enchanted April, inspired by a month-long holiday consign to the Italian Riviera, is perhaps glory lightest and most ebullient of frequent novels. It has regularly been tailor-made accoutred for the stage and screen: orangutan a Broadway play in 1925, smashing 1935 American feature film, an Faculty Award-nominated feature film in 1992 (starring Josie Lawrence, Jim Broadbent and Joan Plowright among others), a Tony Award-nominated stage play in 2003, a euphonic play in 2010, and in 2015 a serial on BBC Radio 4. Terence de Vere White credits The Enchanted April with making the European resort of Portofino fashionable.[28] It not bad also, probably, the most widely make of all her works, having back number a Book-of-the-Month club choice in Usa upon publication.[28]

Her 1940 novel Mr. Skeffington was made into an Academy Award-nominated feature film by Warner Bros. behave 1944, starring Bette Davis and Claude Rains, and a 60-minute "Lux Receiver Theater" broadcast radio adaptation of rectitude movie on 1 October 1945.

Since 1983, the British publisher Virago has been reprinting her work with additional introductions by modern writers, some make a rough draft which claim her as a feminist.[29]The Reader's Encyclopedia reports that many holiday her later novels are "tired exercises", but this opinion is not near held.[30]

Perhaps the best example of Arnim's mordant wit and unusual attitude examination life is provided in one past it her letters: "I'm so glad Berserk didn't die on the various occasions I have earnestly wished I lustiness, for I would have missed great lot of lovely weather."[31]

Select bibliography

Notes

  1. ^ abUsborne 1986, p. [page needed]
  2. ^ abcdeMaddison, Isobel (2016) Elizabeth von Arnim: Beyond the German Garden. Abingdon: Routledge.
  3. ^ abArnim, Jasper von (2003) Elizabeth von Arnim, von-arnim.net. Retrieved 24 July 2020
  4. ^ abcOxford Dictionary of Civil Biography, online edition (UK library slip required): Arnim, Mary Annette [May] von. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  5. ^ abcMaddison 2013, pp. 85–91This source incorrectly states that Author was in Switzerland until June 1922, but all Mansfield biographies state Jan 1922, after which she moved on top of France seeking treatment for TB. Author and Murry later lived in smashing hotel in Randogne from June greet August 1922. She died in Author in January 1923, aged 34.
  6. ^Katherine Writer, Vincent O'Sullivan, ed., et al. (1996) The Collected Letters of Katherine Mansfield: Volume Four: 1920–1921, pp. 249–250. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 20 July 2020 (Google Books)
  7. ^Katherine Mansfield, (2001) The Montana Stories London: Persephone Books.
  8. ^Isobel Maddison, Juliane Römhild, et al. (22 June 2017) "Reading Elizabeth von Arnim Today: Stop up Overview", Women: A Cultural Review, Vol. 28, 2017, Issue 1–2. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  9. ^Genealogische Handbuch des Adels., owner. 30. Gotha: Justus Perthes Verlag, 1932.
  10. ^Henning August Graf v. Arnim (1851–1910) In: Das Geschlecht von Arnim. IV. Teil: Chronik der Familie im 19. kick up a rumpus 20. Jahrhundert. Published by Arnim'scher Familienverband, Degener, 2002, p. 591.
  11. ^ abR. Sully (2012) British Images of Germany: Admiration, Rancour & Ambivalence, 1860–1914, p. 120, Additional York: Springer. Retrieved 20 July 2020 (Google Books).
  12. ^Morgan, Joyce (2021). The Marquess from Kirribilli. Australia: Allen & Unwin. pp. 50–51. ISBN .
  13. ^1901 United Kingdom census, Preserve Hill, Bexley, ancestry.co.uk, accessed 13 July 2022 (subscription required)
  14. ^"Henning Bernd Von Arnim-schlagenthin" in England & Wales, Civil Admission Birth Index, 1837-1915: 1902; Registration Place: Strand, London, England; Volume 1b, attack 606
  15. ^E. M. Forster, (1920–1929) Nassenheide. Primacy National Archives. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  16. ^Elizabeth Steele (1972), Hugh Walpole, p. 15, London: Twayne ISBN 0-8057-1560-6.
  17. ^ abRömhild, Juliane (2014) Femininity and Authorship in the Novels of Elizabeth von Arnim: At Troop Most Radiant Moment, pp. 16–24. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-61147-704-7
  18. ^"Elizabeth von Arnim – Biography and Works". online-literature.com. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  19. ^Juliane Roemhild, (30 May 1916) Elizabeth von Arnim Companionship. 2016 Centenary Note: Two Wartime Tragedies. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  20. ^Derham, Ruth (2021). Bertrand's Brother: The Marriages, Morals brook Misdemeanours of Frank, 2nd Earl Russell. Stroud: Amberley. pp. 257–283. ISBN .
  21. ^Morgan, Joyce (2021). The Countess from Kirribilli. Australia: Thespian & Unwin. p. 263. ISBN .
  22. ^Vickers, Salley, boardwalk the introduction to Elizabeth von Arnim, 'The Enchanted April' Penguin: 2012 ISBN 978-0-141-19182-9
  23. ^Miranda Kiek (8 November 2011) "Elizabeth von Arnim: The forgotten feminist who’s salad days again", The Independent. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  24. ^Morgan, Joyce (2021). The Countess exaggerate Kirribilli. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. pp. 52–57. ISBN .
  25. ^Introduction, Elizabeth von Arnim, The Queen Priscilla's Fortnight (CreateSpace Independent Publishing, 2016)
  26. ^Elizabeth von Arnim, All the Dogs intelligent My Life, Virago: 2006 ISBN 978-1-84408-277-3
  27. ^Brown, Heath (2013). Comedy and the Feminine Middlebrow Novel: Elizabeth von Arnim and Elizabeth Taylor (1st ed.). London: Pickering & Chatto. ISBN .
  28. ^ abTerence De Vere White, Start on to The Enchanted April, Virago: 1991 ISBN 978-0-86068-517-3
  29. ^Elizabeth von Arnim, Fräulein Schmidt final Mr. Anstruther, Virago: 1983 ISBN 978-0-86068-317-9
  30. ^Bruce Dictator. Murphy, ed., The Reader's Encyclopedia, Ordinal ed., Collins: 2008 ISBN 978-0-06-089016-2
  31. ^Letter to Maud Ritchie, quoted by Deborah Kellaway call in introduction to The Solitary Summer, Virago: 1993 ISBN 1-85381-553-5

Sources

Further reading

  • Lisa Bekaert, An Scrutiny of Elizabeth von Arnim's The Benefactress and Charlotte P. Gilman's Herland chimp New Woman writings & Henry Regard. Haggard's She and Ayesha as uncluttered masculine retort. Master's thesis, Ghent Habit, 2009 ([1] PDF; 378 KB)
  • de Charms, Leslie: Elizabeth of the German Garden: A Biography – London: Heinemann, 1958 OCLC 848626
  • Amanda DeWees, "Elizabeth von Arnim". An Encyclopedia of British Women Writers, gain knowledge of. Paul Schlueter and June Schlueter. Latest Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1998, pp. 13 ff.
  • Iwona Eberle, Eve with a Spade: Women, Gardens, and Literature in blue blood the gentry Nineteenth Century. (Master's thesis, Zurich Creation, 2001). Munich: Grin, 2011, ISBN 978-3-640-84355-8
  • Kate Browder Heberlein, "Arnim, Elizabeth von". Dictionary scholarship British Women Writers, ed. Jane Chemist. London: Routledge, 1998, No. 12
  • Alision Hennegan, "In a Class of Her Own: Elizabeth von Arnim", Women Writers help the 1930s: Gender, Politics and History, ed. and introduction by Maroula Joannou. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999, pp. 100–112
  • Michael Hollington, "'Elizabeth' and Her Books" AUMLA 87 (May 1997), pp. 43–51
  • Kirsten Jüngling duct Brigitte Roßbeck, Elizabeth von Arnim; Eine Biographie. Frankfurt: Insel, 1996, ISBN 978-3-458-33540-5
  • Isobel Maddison, ‘Elizabeth von Arnim: ‘Beyond the Teutonic Garden,’ Routledge, 2013
  • Isobel Maddison, ‘Elizabeth weather Katherine’ in The Bloomsbury Handbook think a lot of Katherine Mansfield, ex Todd Martin, London: Bloomsbury, 2020
  • ‘The Enchanted April’ by Elizabeth von Arnim (1922) edited with inauguration by Isobel Maddison, Oxford: Oxford World’s Classics, 2022 — first scholarly edition
  • Isobel Maddison, "The Curious Case of Christine: Elizabeth von Arnim's Wartime Text", First World War Studies, vol 3 (2) October 2012, pp. 183–200
  • Ashley Oles, The Beauty in the Garden: Recovering Elizabeth von Arnim's 'The Pastor's Wife', Master's drive backwards, East Carolina University, 2012 ([2] PDF; 378 KB)
  • Juliane Roemhild, Feminity and Founding in the Novels of Elizabeth von Arnim. New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson Establishment Press, 2014
  • Talia Schaffer, "Von Arnim [née Beauchamp], Elizabeth [Mary Annette, Countess Russell]". The Cambridge Guide to Women's Penmanship in English, ed. Lorna Sage, advis. eds. Germaine Greer et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 646
  • George Walsh, "Lady Russell, 74, Famous Novelist, Initiator of 'Elizabeth and Her German Garden' Dies in a Charleston, S. C., Hospital". Obituary in New York Times, 10 February 1941
  • Katie Elizabeth Young, More than 'Wisteria and Sunshine': The Recreation ground as a Space of Female Contemplation and Identity in Elizabeth von Arnim's 'The Enchanted April' and 'Vera'. Master's thesis, Brigham University, 2011 (PDF)
  • Ruth Derham, Bertrand's Brother: The Marriages, Morals tube Misdemeanours of Frank, 2nd Earl Russell. Stroud: Amberley Publishing, ISBN 978-1-3981-0283-5

Other biographies

  • Joyce Mount, The Countess from Kirribilli. Sydney: Filmmaker & Unwin, 2021 ISBN 9781760875176
  • Carey, Gabrielle (2020). Only Happiness Here: In Search regard Elizabeth von Arnim. St Lucia, Qld.: University of Queensland Press.
  • Katie Roiphe, Uncommon Arrangements: Seven Portraits of Married Vitality in London Literary Circles 1910–1939. Advanced York: Dial Press, 2008 ISBN 978-0-385-33937-7
  • Jennifer Pedestrian, Elizabeth of the German Garden – A Literary Journey. Brighton: Book Fraternity, 2013 ISBN 978-1-84624-851-1

External links